Análisis cualitativo. Uso de Atlas.ti en la investigación de las ciencias de la administración
Palabras clave:
análisis cualitativo, atlas.ti, investigación, ciencias de la administraciónSinopsis
Las ciencias de la administración enfrentan hoy retos analíticos de elevada complejidad derivados de la transformación digital, la heterogeneidad organizacional y la centralidad del conocimiento como recurso estratégico intangible. En este escenario, los enfoques lineales y exclusivamente cuantitativos resultan insuficientes para comprender la dinámica real de las organizaciones, caracterizada por procesos no lineales, relaciones simbólicas y prácticas socialmente construidas.
El análisis cualitativo se vuelve, por tanto, indispensable para interpretar significados, discursos, rutinas, experiencias y relaciones de poder que configuran la acción organizacional. La incorporación de software especializado como ATLAS.ti fortalece este enfoque al permitir la sistematización rigurosa de grandes volúmenes de datos cualitativos, garantizando trazabilidad analítica, coherencia metodológica y reflexividad investigativa. Mediante la codificación, categorización, construcción de memos y visualización de redes conceptuales, ATLAS.ti facilita la generación de teoría fundamentada en los datos y el análisis contextual profundo. En consecuencia, el uso del análisis cualitativo asistido por software no solo incrementa el rigor científico en las ciencias de la administración, sino que amplía su capacidad crítica para comprender, explicar y transformar las organizaciones. La obra se estructura en dos grandes partes complementarias, concebidas para integrar reflexión epistemológica y aplicación metodológica, teoría y práctica, comprensión interpretativa y sistematización analítica.
La Parte I, titulada Bases teóricas y metodológicas del análisis cualitativo, establece los fundamentos conceptuales y epistemológicos del enfoque cualitativo aplicado a las ciencias de la administración. Esta parte tiene como propósito ofrecer un marco teórico sólido que permita comprender las lógicas interpretativas, los supuestos epistemológicos y las estrategias metodológicas que sustentan la investigación cualitativa contemporánea.
El Capítulo 1 introduce los fundamentos del análisis cualitativo, abordando sus principios epistemológicos, los tipos y enfoques de investigación cualitativa, las técnicas de recolección de datos y el proceso de codificación como núcleo del análisis. Se enfatiza la naturaleza interpretativa, recursiva y contextual del análisis cualitativo, sentando las bases conceptuales que atraviesan toda la obra.
El Capítulo 2 se centra en la Teoría Fundamentada (Grounded Theory), examinando sus orígenes clásicos, sus fundamentos filosóficos y sus desarrollos contemporáneos. Se analizan sus procedimientos analíticos, sus principales variantes—clásica, constructivista y realista crítica— y su potencial para generar teoría sustantiva directamente a partir de los datos organizacionales.
El Capítulo 3 aborda el análisis temático como una estrategia flexible para la identificación y sistematización de patrones de significado. Se describen sus fases, criterios de rigor, ventajas y limitaciones, así como su articulación con otros enfoquecualitativos, mostrando su utilidad para la construcción de modelos conceptuales en el ámbito administrativo.
El Capítulo 4 desarrolla el análisis del discurso como enfoque para comprender cómo el lenguaje construye realidades organizacionales, identidades, legitimidades y relaciones de poder. Se examinan sus principales corrientes y aplicaciones en áreas como la estrategia, la cultura organizacional y la transformación digital.
El Capítulo 5 presenta la teoría de la argumentación como herramienta analítica para examinar procesos de decisión, persuasión, negociación y conflicto en contextos administrativos, destacando su valor para el análisis crítico de discursos organizacionales.
El Capítulo 6 analiza el enfoque del análisis de contenido, tanto cualitativo como cuantitativo, subrayando su utilidad para el estudio sistemático de documentos, textos estratégicos y narrativas organizacionales, así como su integración con software de análisis cualitativo.
El Capítulo 7 explora el estudio de caso como estrategia de investigación en profundidad, abordando su diseño metodológico, criterios de rigor y potencial para comprender fenómenos organizacionales complejos en contextos reales.
El Capítulo 8 introduce la etnografía como método para el análisis de la cultura organizacional, las prácticas cotidianas y las dinámicas simbólicas, enfatizando su pertinencia en entornos organizacionales híbridos y digitales.
El Capítulo 9 desarrolla la hermenéutica como enfoque interpretativo centrado en la comprensión del sentido y la experiencia vivida, aplicándola al liderazgo, la ética y los procesos de cambio organizacional.
El Capítulo 10 se dedica a la entrevista como técnica central de la investigación cualitativa, analizando sus sesgos, transformaciones tecnológicas y aplicaciones estratégicas en la gestión del talento y la toma de decisiones.
El Capítulo 11 finalmente, aborda la investigación-acción como enfoque participativo, ético y transformador, destacando su potencial para articular teoría administrativa y práctica organizacional orientada al cambio y la mejora continua.
La Parte II, titulada Uso de ATLAS.ti en un modelo de administración, se orienta a la aplicación práctica del análisis cualitativo asistido por software. Esta sección integra los fundamentos teóricos desarrollados previamente con procedimientos operativos concretos, mostrando cómo ATLAS.ti puede incorporarse de manera coherente al proceso metodológico.
El Capítulo 1 de esta parte presenta el software ATLAS.ti, su evolución histórica, fundamentos conceptuales, componentes analíticos y principios metodológicos. Se examina la transición del análisis manual al entorno digital y la incorporación de herramientas de inteligencia artificial en el análisis cualitativo contemporáneo.
El Capítulo 2 desarrolla de forma aplicada los principales procedimientos analíticos con ATLAS.ti, incluyendo la codificación, el análisis de coocurrencias, las redes semánticas, estructurales y conceptuales, así como el análisis de sentimientos y la visualización de resultados, a partir de un modelo administrativo de referencia.
Como reflexión final integradora. las ciencias de la administración se encuentran en un punto de inflexión epistemológico marcado por la transformación digital, la complejidad organizacional y la creciente centralidad del conocimiento como activo estratégico intangible. En este contexto, las organizaciones ya no pueden ser comprendidas únicamente como sistemas racionales orientados a la eficiencia, sino como entramados sociotécnicos donde confluyen discursos, significados, prácticas simbólicas, relaciones de poder y procesos de construcción colectiva de sentido. Esta realidad exige enfoques analíticos capaces de captar la naturaleza dinámica, no lineal y contextual de la acción organizacional.
El análisis cualitativo adquiere, así, un papel central en las ciencias de la administración al permitir interpretar cómo los actores organizacionales significan su experiencia, construyen legitimidades, negocian decisiones y articulan narrativas estratégicas. A diferencia de los enfoques exclusivamente cuantitativos, el análisis cualitativo no se limita a medir variables, sino que explora los procesos subyacentes que explican el comportamiento organizacional, aportando profundidad interpretativa, sensibilidad contextual y capacidad crítica. En particular, enfoques como la teoría fundamentada, el análisis temático, el análisis del discurso y la etnografía permiten generar conocimiento teóricamente relevante a partir de datos empíricos situados, fortaleciendo la validez interpretativa de la investigación administrativa.
En este marco, el uso de software especializado como ATLAS.ti representa un avance metodológico sustantivo. Lejos de mecanizar el análisis, ATLAS.ti potencia la reflexividad investigativa al facilitar la sistematización rigurosa de grandes volúmenes de datos cualitativos, la trazabilidad de las decisiones analíticas y la articulación coherente entre teoría, datos y resultados. Herramientas como la codificación, la construcción de memos analíticos, las redes conceptuales y el análisis de co-ocurrencias permiten operacionalizar procesos complejos de interpretación sin perder la riqueza semántica de los datos.
En consecuencia, la integración del análisis cualitativo asistido por ATLAS.ti no solo incrementa el rigor científico en las ciencias de la administración, sino que amplía su capacidad explicativa y transformadora. Esta articulación metodológica contribuye a una comprensión más profunda de las organizaciones contemporáneas y fortalece el papel de la investigación administrativa como herramienta crítica para la toma de decisiones, la innovación y el cambio organizacional.
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Publicado
enero 9, 2026
Colección
Categorías
Derechos de autor 2025 Juan Mejía Trejo
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
Detalles sobre esta monografía
ISBN-13 (15)
978-607-69341-0-4
doi
10.55965/abib.9786076934104
